DEPENDENCY, TEMPORAL CONTIGUITY, AND RESPONSE-INDEPENDENT REINFORCEMENT
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Contiguity and conditioned reinforcement in probabilistic choice.
In a baseline condition, pigeons chose between an alternative that always provided food following a 30-s delay (100% reinforcement) and an alternative that provided food half of the time and blackout half of the time following 30-s delays (50% reinforcement). The different outcomes were signaled by different-colored keylights. On average, each alternative was chosen approximately equally often,...
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Time plays a pivotal role in causal inference. Nonetheless most contemporary theories of causal induction do not address the implications of temporal contiguity and delay, with the exception of associative learning theory. Shanks, Pearson, and Dickinson (1989) and several replications (Reed, 1992, 1999) have demonstrated that people fail to identify causal relations if cause and effect are sepa...
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Often we need to perform tasks in an environment that changes stochastically. In these situations it is important to learn the statistics of sequences of events in order to predict the future and the outcome of our actions. The statistical description of many of these sequences can be reduced to the set of probabilities that a particular event follows another event (temporal contiguity). Under ...
متن کاملSensorimotor adaptation to violations of temporal contiguity.
Most events are processed by a number of neural pathways. These pathways often differ considerably in processing speed. Thus, coherent perception requires some form of synchronization mechanism. Moreover, this mechanism must be flexible, because neural processing speed changes over the life of an organism. Here we provide behavioral evidence that humans can adapt to a new intersensory temporal ...
متن کاملTemporal Contiguity in Cross-Situational Statistical Learning
Recent research has demonstrated that participants often learn a surprising number of word-referent pairings solely from their co-occurrence statistics across individually ambiguous trials. To isolate processes, past designs prevented the same pairing from appearing in two consecutive trials. Yet such temporal contiguity often appears in real world settings, and seems likely to improve learning...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
سال: 1977
ISSN: 0022-5002
DOI: 10.1901/jeab.1977.27-119